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ATRIPLEX HALIMUS SPECIES IN MOROCCO
The genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) contains various species distinguishable by different morphology, biological cycle and ecological adaptations (Le Houérou, 1992). Because of their favourable crude protein content, many species of Atriplex are excellent livestock fodder during off season periods when grasses are low in feed value. Among the species of Atriplex in North Africa, Atriplex halimus L., a perennial shrub, is found in semi-arid and arid environments.
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palm cultivars
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palm Vitro Plant Clones
Atriplex
Cereals (species, varieties)
Pine (natural populations
Cactus (Opuntia
ficus indica)
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palm Vitro Plant Clones
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palm tissue culture
In Morocco, Atriplex halimus is widely distributed as a wild species. Since its substantial increase in the protein content when irrigated with saline water in south Morocco, this halophyte is considered as a valuable source of forage.
ATRIPLEX SPECIES. EXAMPLES
Gene diversity in Atriplex halimus L. was essentially explained by the within population component. The between populations differentiation accounted for 8% of the whole diversity (FST, averaged over all loci, is 0.08). The relationships among the 9
populations were inferred from the Nei's genetic distances. Four major groups were formed. The northern population 'Tanger' (9), forming a unique group, was highly divergent from the other groups. It appeared that the genetic distance between all groups was related to the geographic distance that separates them.
Based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Nine natural populations of Atriplex halimus L. (1-9), collected in different regions of Morocco, were studied for their genetic variation using isoenzyme polymorphism of the highly active enzyme systems: esterases (EST), acid phosphatases (ACP) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT).
Different allozyme frequencies from 7 different loci were obtained for all populations of this halophyte species. High levels of genetic diversity were revealed. The mean number of alleles per locus (A = 1.9-2.0), the percentage of polymorphic loci (P = 71.4-85.7) and the mean expected heterozygosity (He = 0.339-0.385) showed an important variability in all populations.
For details see published work: HADDIOUI & BAAZIZ. 2001. Euphytica 121, 99-106.
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS AND THESIS
BOUDA, S., DEL CAMPO, F., HADDIOUI, A., BAAZIZ, M. & HERNÁNDEZ, E.E. 2008. RAPD and ITS-based variability revealed in Atriplex species introduced to semi-arid zones of Morocco. Scientia Horticulturae 118, 172-179.
HADDIOUI,
A. & BAAZIZ, M. 2006. Effect
of salinity on seed germination and early growth of five natural populations
of Atriplex halimus L. in Morocco. Physiol. Mol. Biol.
Plants 12, 247-251.
BOUDA, S., HADDIOUI, A., BAAZIZ, M., DEL CAMPO, F. F., HERNANDEZ, L. E. 2006. Genetic diversity characterization of genus Atriplex usinf RAPD markers.. In Actes du Deuxième Congrès International de Biochimie, Baaziz, M., Hakkou, A. & Serghini, A. ed. p :64-68.
HADDIOUI A. & BAAZIZ, M. 2001. Genetic diversity of natural populations of Atriplex halimus L. in Morocco. An isoenzyme-based overview . Euphytica 121, 99-106.
HADDIOUI, A. & BAAZIZ, M. 2000. Apport des marqueurs isoenzymatiques dans l'étude de la diversité génétique des populations naturelles d'Atriplex halimus L. . Deuxième Congrès de la Société Marocaine de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire, Fes, 15-17 Novembre. pp.39.
BAAZIZ, M., BENDIAB, K. & HADDIOUI, M. 2000. Aperçu sur la diversité des ressources végétales des zones arides et semi-arides au Maroc. Cas de Phoenix dactylifera L. et Atriplex halimus.. Deuxième Congrès de la Société Marocaine de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire, Fes, 15-17 Novembre. pp. 37.
HADDIOUI, A. & BAAZIZ, M. 2000. Etude de la diversité génétique de populations naturelles d'Atriplex halimus L. au Maroc. VIIes Journées Scientifiques-AUPELF-UREF, 3-5 Juillet, Montpellier (France).
HADDIOUI, A. & BAAZIZ, M. 1999. Effet du traitement salin sur la germination et les premiers stades de croissance d'Atriplex halimus L. et Atriplex nummularia Lindl. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, Vol.4. (in press).
HADDIOUI, A. & BAAZIZ, M. 1999. Analysis of the morphological variation in some natural populations of Atriplex halimus. First International Conference on Biodiversity and Natural Ressources Preservation, Ifrane (Morocco), May 13-14.
HDADOU, H. & BAAZIZ, M. 1996. Croissance et développement de l'Atriplex en présence de sel. Relation avec les peroxydases.Première Rencontre Nationale des Etudiants chercheurs en Biologie, 17-19 Décembre, Marrakech, pp. 13.
HDADOU, H., BAAZIZ, M., POURRAT, Y., DUTUIT, P. & KENNY, L. 1995. Evaluation des peroxydases comme marqueurs dans la croissance et le développement de l'Atriplex en présence du sel. 5èmes Journées scientifiques du Réseau Biotechnologie/Génie génétique des Plantes de l'AUPELF-UREF. Dakar (Sénégal),13-15 Décembre.
THESIS.
HADDIOUI, A. 2001. Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique d'Atriplex halimus au Maroc à l'aide des marqueurs morphologiques et isoenzymatiques. Apport dans l'amélioration de la plante pour la résistance à la salinité. Doctorat d'Etat en Biologie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech (en préparation)
HDADOU, H. 1996. Contribution à l'étude des peroxydases de l'Atriplex en relation avec la tolérance de la plante à la salinité. Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech (Maroc).
